- Allergy treatment
- Antimicrobials for systemic use
- Antiparasitic drugs
- Cardiovascular system
- Dermatology
- Drugs affecting metabolism
- Drugs used in sensory organ disorders
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Haemopoietic system and blood
- Locomotor system
- Nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Systemic hormones
- Urogenital system and Sexual hormones
Nervous system
- Nervous system overview
- Nervous system disorders
Nervous system is one of the main organ systems in the human organism. The system is a net of structures which covers all of the human body and provides self-regulation of the body's functions due to the ability to react to external and internal stimuli. The main functions of the nervous system are to receive, store and process the information received from the environment, regulate and coordinate the functions of all the organs and organ systems. The human nervous system consists of 3 main elements:
- Nervous cells or Neurons
- Connected to them glial cells
- Connective tissue.
Neurons take place in the conduction of nervous impulses. Neuroglia exerts supportive, protective and trophic functions in the cerebrum, and spinal cord. Neurilema consists mainly of specialized
Schwann's cells, participates in the formation of the peripheral nerve coating, connective tissue. It supports and connects different parts of the nervous system.
Anatomically the system consists of the following parts:
- Central nervous system which includes the cerebrum and the spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system consists of nervous tissue which connects the CNS with all other parts of the body, the system includes cranial and spinal nerves, as well as nerve ganglia and plexuses which are located outside of the CNS.
Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It has been counted that the human body contains more then 100 billion neurons. The typical neuron consists of the body and appendixes, mainly one non-branching appendix called the axon and branched appendixes dendrites. The nerve impulses travel from the body of the neuron to the muscles, glands and other neurons through the axon, on the other hand the impulse returns to the body of the neuron through the dendrites. In cases when the excitation of the neuron reaches a certain threshold in the stimulated point, a number of chemical and electrical reactions take place this is called a nerve impulse.
Since nervous system has a very complex structure it is prone to a wide variety of pathologies. Such pathologies may be a result of genetic defects, trauma, toxicological effects of the drugs or environmental substances, infections and etc.
