- Allergy treatment
- Antimicrobials for systemic use
- Antiparasitic drugs
- Cardiovascular system
- Dermatology
- Drugs affecting metabolism
- Drugs used in sensory organ disorders
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Haemopoietic system and blood
- Locomotor system
- Nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Systemic hormones
- Urogenital system and Sexual hormones
Systemic hormones
- Hormone and Endocrine system overview
- Hormones of anterior pituitary and Neurohormones
- Thyroid and parathyroid hormone
- Adrenal glands
- Sexual hormones
- Gastrointestinal hormones
Hormones of the pancreas. The pancreas possesses both internal and external secretion. Exocrine components are digestive enzymes, which enter the duodenum in the form of inactive precursors through the pancreatic duct. Endocrine secretion is performed by Langerhans islets having several different types of cells: alpha-cells secrete the hormone glucagon, beta cells - insulin. The main effect of insulin is to reduce the level of glucose in the blood carried out in three ways:
1) inhibition of glucose formation in the liver,
2) suppression of glycogen breaking down in the liver and muscles
3) stimulation of glucose utilization by tissues.
Insufficient secretion of insulin results in constant high glucose levels in the blood and the development of diabetes. The main effect of glucagon is to increase glucose blood levels by stimulating its production in the liver. Other hormones such as growth hormone, cortisol and adrenaline also play a significant role in maintaining glucose blood levels.
Gastrointestinal hormones. Hormones of the gastrointestinal tract - gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin and pancreozymin. These polypeptides are secreted by the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract in response to specific stimuli. It is believed that gastrin stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid, cholecystokinin controls the emptying of the gall bladder, and secretin and pancreozymin regulate the production and release of pancreatic juice.
